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Axelrod, F.S. 2015 . A Systematic Vademecum to the Vascular Plants of Sint Eustatius. 179 pp.
Boldingh, I. 1909 . The flora of the Dutch West Indian Islands St. Eustatius, Saba and St. Martin. 321 pp. E.j. Brill., Leiden.
Boom, B.M. 2008 . Flowering Plants. Plants & Lichens of St. Eustatius The New York Botanical Garden. [link ]
Debrot, A.O., Freitas, J.A. de 1999 . Avifaunal and botanical survey of the Jan Thiel Lagoon Conservation Area, Curaçao. 28. Carmabi Foundation.
Debrot, A.O., Henkens, R.J.H.G., Verweij, P.J.F.M., Burg, M.P. van den & Meesters, E.H.W.G. 2025 . State of Nature Report for the Caribbean Netherlands, 2024: A second 6-year assessment of the Conservation State, threats and management implications for habitats and species in the Caribbean Netherlands C001/25. Wageningen Marine Research. [link ]
Freitas, J.A. de, Nijhof, B.S.J., Rojer, A.C., Debrot, A.O. 2005 . Landscape ecological vegetation map of the island of Bonaire (southern Caribbean). 64. Caribbean Research and Management of Biodiversity Foundation, Curaçao Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, the Netherlands.
Howard, R.A. 1988 . Dicotyledoneae - Part 1. In: Flora of the Lesser Antilles, Leeward and Windward Islands. 4: 673. Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University, Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts.
Mori, S.A. & Gracie, C.A. 2007 . Flowering Plants. Plants and Lichens of Saba Virtual Herbarium of The New York Botanical Garden. [link ]
Posthouwer, C., Verheijden, T.M.S., Andel, T.R. van 2016 . A Rapid Sustainability Assessment of Wild Plant Extraction on the Dutch Caribbean Island of St. Eustatius. Economic Botany 20(10): 1-12.
Proosdij, A.S.J. van 2012 . Arnoldo's Zakflora: Wat in het wild groeit en bloeit op Aruba, Bonaire en Curaçao. 318 pp. Walburg Pers, Zutphen.
Rojer, A. 1997 . Biological Inventory of Saba. 87 pp. CARMABI Foundation, Curaçao.
Rojer, A. 1997 . Biological inventory of Sint Eustatius. CARMABI Foundation, Curaçao.
Rojer, A. 1997 . Biological inventory of St. Maarten. 102 pp. CARMABI Foundation, Curaçao.
Stoffers, A.L. 1980 . Phytolaccaceae. Flora of the Netherlands Antilles 2: 182-188.
WCSP 2017 . World Checklist of Selected Plant Families. Facilitated by the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. [link ]
WFO Plant List 2013 . The Plant List version 1.1. [link ]
Literature references linked to higher taxa