Literature

• Millar, R.H. 1962. Some ascidians from the Caribbean. Studies on the fauna of Curaçao and other Caribbean Islands 13: 61-77.
• Name, W.G. van 1924. Ascidians from Curaçao. Bijdragen tot de kennis der fauna van Curaçao 23: 23-32.
• Rocha, R.M., Faria, S.B., Moreno, T.R. 2005. Ascidians from Bocas del Toro, Panama. I. Biodiversity. Caribbean Journal of Science 41(3): 600-612.
• Voss, G.L. 1976. Seashore Life of Florida and the Caribbean. 167. E.A. Seemann Publishing, Inc..
• WoRMS. WoRMS, World Register of Marine Species. www.marinespecies.org. [link]

Literature references linked to higher taxa

• Humann, P. 1992. Reef Creature Identification. New World Publications. (Ascidiacea)