Presence
| Recorded on | |
| Presence status | |
| Distribution description | Lesser Antilles, Greater Antilles (Puerto Rico, Hispaniola), Trinidad and Tobago, Mexico, northern South America (Venezuela). | 
Publications
- Axelrod, F.S. 2015. A Systematic Vademecum to the Vascular Plants of Sint Eustatius. 179 pp.
 - Boldingh, I. 1909. The flora of the Dutch West Indian Islands St. Eustatius, Saba and St. Martin. 321 pp. E.j. Brill., Leiden.
 - Boom, B.M. 2008. Flowering Plants. Plants & Lichens of St. Eustatius The New York Botanical Garden. [link]
 - Howard, R.A. 1966. Polygonaceae. Flora of the Netherlands Antilles 2: 88-96.
 - Howard, R.A. 1988. Dicotyledoneae - Part 1. In: Flora of the Lesser Antilles, Leeward and Windward Islands. 4: 673. Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University, Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts.
 - Mori, S.A. & Gracie, C.A. 2007. Flowering Plants. Plants and Lichens of Saba Virtual Herbarium of The New York Botanical Garden. [link]
 - Rojer, A. 1997. Biological Inventory of Saba. 87 pp. CARMABI Foundation, Curaçao.
 - Rojer, A. 1997. Biological inventory of Sint Eustatius. CARMABI Foundation, Curaçao.
 - Rojer, A. 1997. Biological inventory of St. Maarten. 102 pp. CARMABI Foundation, Curaçao.