Literature

• Amelunxen, C.P. 1931. De cactusflora van Curaçao. 24. J.W.F. Sluijter.
• CITES 2015. Checklist of CITES Species. UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre. [link]
• Debrot, A.O. 2006. Preliminary checklist of extant and fossil endemic taxa of the ABC-Islands, Leeward Antilles. 29pp.
• Debrot, A.O., Freitas, J.A. de 1999. Avifaunal and botanical survey of the Jan Thiel Lagoon Conservation Area, Curaçao. 28. Carmabi Foundation.
• Debrot, A.O., Henkens, R.J.H.G., Verweij, P.J.F.M., Burg, M.P. van den & Meesters, E.H.W.G. 2025. State of Nature Report for the Caribbean Netherlands, 2024: A second 6-year assessment of the Conservation State, threats and management implications for habitats and species in the Caribbean Netherlands C001/25. Wageningen Marine Research. [link]
• Freitas, J.A. de, Nijhof, B.S.J., Rojer, A.C., Debrot, A.O. 2005. Landscape ecological vegetation map of the island of Bonaire (southern Caribbean). 64. Caribbean Research and Management of Biodiversity Foundation, Curaçao Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, the Netherlands.
• Howard, R.A. 1989. Dicotyledoneae - Part 2. In: Flora of the Lesser Antilles, Leeward and Windward Islands. 5: 604. Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University, Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts.
• MacRae, D.M. & De Meyer, K. 2020. Dutch Caribbean conservation species list. Using management effectiveness to strengthen species conservation in the Caribbean.
• Proosdij, A.S.J. van 2012. Arnoldo's Zakflora: Wat in het wild groeit en bloeit op Aruba, Bonaire en Curaçao. 318 pp. Walburg Pers, Zutphen.
• Stoffers, A.L. 1984. Cactaceae. Flora of the Netherlands Antilles 3: 143-158.
• WFO Plant List 2013. The Plant List version 1.1. [link]

Literature references linked to higher taxa

• Encyclopedia of Life. [link] (Cactaceae)
• Buurt, G. van 2014. Caquetío Indians on Curaçao during colonial times and Caquetío words in the Papiamentu language. Some names of Animals and Plants in Papiamentu. 93pp. Fundashon pa Planifikashon di Idioma & University of Curaçao. (Opuntia)